Janairu 28, 1906 An buɗe kwasa-kwasan ilimin fasaha na mata a St. Petersburg

(15) Ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1906, an buɗe darussan Polytechnic na mata a St. Petersburg - babbar cibiyar koyar da fasaha ta farko ga mata a Rasha.

Tarihin manyan makarantun mata a Rasha ya fara ne a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19.

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Ɗaya daga cikin na farko a cikin 1869 akan himma na I.I. Paulson, Alarchinsky Higher Women's Courses aka bude a St. Petersburg da Lubyansky - a Moscow, a 1872 - Higher Women's Medical Courses a Medical-Surgical Academy a St. Petersburg.

Tun daga 1876, an ƙirƙiri manyan kwasa-kwasan mata bisa ga dokar gwamnati kan yunƙurin da kuma kuɗin jama'a. Ƙungiyar Bayar da Kuɗi zuwa Manyan Darussan Mata da ake gudanarwa a St.

A 1878, an kirkiro darussan Bestuzhev a St. Petersburg. A cikin 1879, an sake tsara darussa a Kazan bisa ga shirin jami'a; darussa na tarihi da philoloji na V.I. Guerrier da Physics da Mathematics Courses Lubyanka a Moscow.

Shigar dalibai mata a cikin ƙungiyoyin juyin juya hali da na dalibai ya haifar da dokar gwamnati a shekara ta 1886 don hana shiga duk manyan kwasa-kwasan mata, yawancin kwasa-kwasan an rufe su.

A cikin 1896 a St. Petersburg P.F. Lesgaft ya shirya darussa don malamai da shugabannin ilimin motsa jiki. A cikin 1900 an dawo da darussan Guerrier. A 1905-1910, mafi girma darussa ga mata ya tashi a Kyiv, Odessa, Kazan, Kharkov, Tiflis, Novocherkassk, Warsaw, Tomsk.

Duk da yawan koyarwar, haƙƙoƙin waɗanda suka kammala karatun ba su da iyaka, gami da ’yancin koyarwa a makaranta; wadanda suka kammala karatunsu ba a ba su wani mukami ba.

Sai kawai a cikin 1911, ta hanyar doka "A kan gwada mata a cikin ilimin ilimin makarantun ilimi da kuma tsarin samun digiri na ilimi da lakabin malamai", manyan darussan mata, shirye-shiryen da za a iya gane su a matsayin "daidai. zuwa jami'o'i", sun sami matsayin jami'o'i, kuma an shigar da daliban da suka kammala jarrabawar a cikin kwamitocin "maza". Wannan wani mataki ne na amincewa da daidaiton doka na manyan kwasa-kwasan mata da sauran nau'ikan jami'o'i. A cikin 1912, kimanin ɗalibai 25 sun yi karatu a manyan kwasa-kwasan mata, wanda kusan 15 ke Moscow da St. Petersburg.

Bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba na 1917, an sake tsara manyan kwasa-kwasan mata kuma sun zama wani ɓangare na tsarin haɗin kai na manyan makarantu.