Maris 18, 1980 Bala'i a Plesetsk Cosmodrome

Maris 18, 1980, wani bala'i ya faru a Plesetsk gwajin cosmodrome (Arkhangelsk yankin), wanda ya kai ga mutane da yawa wadanda suka jikkata - wani fashewa ya faru a maharbin a lokacin da shirya domin kaddamar da Vostok-2M mota jefa.

An ƙirƙira waɗannan motocin harba makamai masu linzami na farko a duniya R-7 da gyaransa R-7A kuma shekaru da yawa sun kafa tushen tsarin sufuri na Tarayyar Soviet. Tare da taimakonsu an harba nau'ikan tauraron dan adam da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu zuwa sararin samaniya. Gabaɗaya, roka na Vostok-2M yana da matukar inganci, harba shi na farko daga Plesetsk ya faru a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1966. Kuma a cikin 1970-1980s, fiye da 60 na irin wannan roka da aka harba a kowace shekara daga Baikonur da Plesetsk cosmodromes, kuma a cikin wadannan shekaru harba akwai kawai hadari daya da biyu kasa harba.

Abubuwan da suka shafi

Rye - tarihin noma, manyan yankunan da kuma abubuwan da ake fatan ci gaba a Rasha

24.03.2023

Maris 18, 2014 Crimea ta zama wani yanki na Rasha

18.03.2023

An shirya harba motar harba na Vostok-2M na gaba tare da wani kumbon soja a ranar 21 ga Maris, 16 da karfe 18:1980. Kwana daya da ta gabata, 17 ga Maris, an shigar da rokar a wurin harba makamin kuma an ci duk wasu gwaje-gwajen da suka wajaba ba tare da yin tsokaci ba. Dangane da jadawalin fasaha, an fara mai da man roka tare da kayan aikin roka. Da karfe 19:18 na ranar XNUMX ga Maris, an cika dukkan tubalan roka da kerosene gaba daya, an kammala cika da hydrogen peroxide, kuma an ci gaba da cika da ruwa oxygen da nitrogen.

Amma sa'o'i 2 da mintuna 15 kafin a fara kaddamar da harin, wani fashewa ya afku - a cikin sa'o'i 19-01 a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1980, wani haske mai haske ya haskaka wurin, a cikin dakika 30, jerin fashe-fashe da dama sun lalata rokar gaba daya, kuma wata babbar wuta ta cinye. duk mai ƙaddamarwa. Cakudar tan 179 na ruwa oxygen da tan 73 na kananzir sun mayar da hadadden harbawa zuwa wuta mai zafi - har ma da karfen na'urorin harbawa ya kone.

Barnar ta yi sauri har ba a samu ko siginar ƙararrawa ba daga sojojin da ke wurin. Kyaftin A. Kukushkin kawai ya sami damar yin ihu a kan haɗin kai: "Cire tashin hankali daga allon!". Gabaɗaya, a lokacin hatsarin, mutane 141 sun kasance a wuraren aikinsu, a kusa da rokar, kuma suna gudanar da ayyukan fasaha daidai. Sakamakon fashewar na'urar harsashin, jami'ai 44 ne suka mutu, sama da 40 kuma suka samu raunuka daban-daban kuma an kai su asibiti, inda wasu 4 suka mutu daga baya.

Amma saboda jajircewa da jajircewa da mahalarta aikin ceto suka yi ya sa har yanzu mutane da dama suka yi nasarar kai su wani wuri mai aminci. Kwanaki uku kenan ana ci gaba da kashe gobarar, jami'an hafsoshi da sojojin tawagar agajin gaggawa na neman gawarwakin mutanen da suka mutu.

A zahiri 'yan sa'o'i kadan bayan wannan bala'i, Hukumar Jiha daga Moscow ta isa wurin gwajin don bincikar musabbabin lamarin, wanda Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Ministocin Tarayyar Soviet L.V. Smirnov. Aikin hukumar ya samu halartar ba kawai sojoji ba, har ma da manyan masana kimiyya, kwararru da masu gwajin makamin roka da fasahar sararin samaniya. Ko da yake an tattara shaidun gani da ido da dama, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance a nesa mai nisa daga rokar a lokacin fashewar. Sakamakon haka, hukumar ta gabatar da nau'o'i XNUMX na musabbabin bala'in, wadanda suka samo asali daga fashewar hydrogen peroxide a sassa daban-daban na roka. Gabaɗaya, hydrogen peroxide wani fili ne na sinadarai na musamman mara ƙarfi, kuma kowane tabo ko amfani da kayan da ba daidai ba na iya haifar da bazuwar ɓarna na peroxide, yana sakin adadi mai yawa na aiki mai ƙarfi, iskar oxygen mai zafi, mai iya kunna wuta ga duk wani abu da zai iya ƙonewa. .

Sa'an nan kuma, a cikin 1980, hukumar gwamnati, da rashin alheri, ba tare da cikakken nazarin dukan versions na hadarin, ya kira dalilin fashewa da kuskuren ayyuka na yakin ma'aikatan shirya harba. Hukumar ta "kafa" cewa akwai ɗigogi a wurin da aka haɗa bututun mai cike da ruwa na iskar oxygen na mataki na uku, kuma lissafin ya yi niyya don kawar da shi ta hanyar nannade haɗin gwiwa tare da rigar rigar, wanda hakan ya haifar da fashewa, kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ƙarasa da cewa dalilin bala'in ya zama "fashewa (kunna) nama mai cike da iskar oxygen sakamakon rashin izini na ɗaya daga cikin lambobi na ma'aikatan gwagwarmaya." Amma wadanda za su iya karyata shi sun mutu tare da rokar.

Duk da haka, bayan shekara guda, a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 1981, lokacin da ake shirya motar harba na gaba, irin wannan bala'i na iya sake faruwa. Sai kawai godiya ga iyawar ayyukan ma'aikatan yaƙi, an kauce masa. A lokacin binciken, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da suka haifar da hadarin da ya faru da kuma bala'i a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1980 iri ɗaya ne - yin amfani da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don kera matatun hydrogen peroxide. Wato bazuwar peroxide ya fara har ma a cikin manyan hanyoyin ƙasa kuma ya ƙare tare da fashewa a kan roka. Duk da haka, don tabbatar da takaddun cewa an yi amfani da matatun da ba su da inganci lokacin da ake ƙara rokar da ya fashe, kuma ya zama ba zai yiwu ba a sake yin kwaskwarimar shawarar da Hukumar Jihar ta yanke a lokacin.

Sai kawai shekaru 16 daga baya, ta hanyar kokarin tsohon soja na cosmodrome, an gane wannan ƙarshe a matsayin kuskure, kuma an sake gyara sojojin. Don haka, a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1996, bisa ga Dokar Interdepartmental Commission don ƙarin bincike kan abubuwan da ke haifar da bala'i, a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1980, an sanya hannu kan yanke shawara No. N-4075 kan gyaran ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na yaƙi. 1st GIK MO, wanda aka gane cewa bala'in ba laifin ma'aikatan jirgin na cosmodrome bane. Ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1999, a wani taro na musamman na Hukumar kan batutuwan da suka shafi soja-masana'antu a karkashin gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha, an yanke shawara kan gyarawa na karshe da kuma wanke ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a cikin bala'i a ranar 18 ga Maris. 1980.

A Plesetsk cosmodrome kanta, Maris 18 ana daukar ranar tunawa da makoki. Ko ma dai mene ne karshen kwamitocin, amma abin tunawa da shaidun gani da ido ya tanadi misalan jarumtaka, biyayya ga aikin soja da kuma taimakon juna, a lokacin da kwamandojin suka ceci mukarrabansu da na karkashinsu suka fitar da kwamandojinsu daga wuta. Kowace shekara a ranar 18 ga Maris, ma'aikatan soja da tsoffin sojojin cosmodrome, da kuma da yawa mazauna birnin Mirny, suna zuwa wurin abin tunawa ga mayaƙan sararin samaniya waɗanda suka mutu a lokacin gwajin roka da fasahar sararin samaniya, inda suke halartar jana'izar. taro.