Maris 18, 1965 Tafiya na farko na ɗan adam a cikin tarihi

Kumbon kumbo biyu "Voskhod-2" ya shiga zagayowar duniya, yana da aikin gudanar da wani sabon gwaji - fitowar mutum zuwa sararin samaniya. Wannan manufa ta kasance muhimmin ci gaba a cikin shirin wata na Soviet. Duk ƙasar ta bi ta sararin samaniya.

Wannan ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1965. Alexei Leonov yana cikin jirgin Voskhod-2 na kimanin mintuna 12, wanda Pavel Belyaev ke sarrafa shi.

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Bayan fita daga cikin ƙyanƙyashe, Leonov tare da ɗan turawa ya rabu da jirgin kuma ya tashi a hankali zuwa gefe don tsawon igiya-halyard da ke haɗa shi da jirgin. A wannan lokacin Belyaev ya watsa sako: "Mutum ya shiga sararin samaniya! Mutumin ya shiga sararin samaniya! Yana da yawo kyauta!"

An sanya kyamarori biyu masu watsawa a saman saman jirgin. Kafin ya koma cikin jirgin, dan sararin samaniyar ya cire kyamarar fim din daga madaidaicin, ya nannade masa wani halyard a hannunsa, ya shiga cikin makullin iska. Komawa cikin kullin jirgin ya kasance mai rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa, saboda babban bambancin matsin lamba a waje da kuma cikin sararin samaniya, ana buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa don lanƙwasa harsashi na sararin samaniya, wanda kuma, ya dan kumbura. Sai kawai bayan Leonov ya rage karfin iskar oxygen a cikin kwat din ya sami damar shiga cikin iska.

Don zirga-zirgar sararin samaniya, NPO Zvezda ya ƙirƙiri rigar sararin samaniya ta musamman mai suna Berkut. Kuma horar da sararin samaniya da kanta an gudanar da shi a cikin jirgin sama na Tu-104, inda aka shigar da samfurin girman rayuwa na kumbon Voskhod-2.

Gabaɗaya, hatsarurruka bakwai sun afku a cikin jirgin. A cewar cosmonaut Leonov, yanayi uku ko hudu suna da hatsarin mutuwa. Mafi tsanani daga cikinsu ya faru ne lokacin da tsarin sarrafawa ya kasa yayin saukar da jirgin: an kashe duk shirin atomatik, kuma babu sadarwa tare da Duniya. Saboda haka, ma'aikatan jirgin dole ne su sauke jirgin da hannu, kuma sakamakon haka, motar da ke gangarowa ta sauka a wani wurin da ba a tsara ba, a cikin taiga mai dusar ƙanƙara. Godiya ga aikin ceto, an kwashe 'yan sama jannatin a rana ta uku.

Bayan ɗan lokaci bayan tafiya ta sararin samaniya na Soviet cosmonaut Leonov, Amurkawa sun yi nasarar maimaita irin wannan gwaji.

A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin 1965, 'yan sama jannatin Amurka James McDivatt da Edward White, wadanda suka harba kumbon Gemini-4, suka bude kumbon, kuma White ya shiga sararin samaniya.