Janairu 16, 1963 Nikita Khrushchev ya sanar da duniya game da halittar hydrogen bam a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

A wannan rana a cikin 1963, Nikita Khrushchev ya yi wata sanarwa a cikin abin da ya sanar da al'ummar duniya cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta zama ma'abucin wani sabon makami na mugun lalata ikon - hydrogen bam (ayyukansa dogara ne a kan amfani da makamashi da aka saki a lokacin Fusion. martani na nuclei haske). Ya bayyana hakan ne a birnin Berlin a babban taron jam'iyyar Socialist Unity Party na Jamus karo na 6.

A cikin wannan lokaci, yanayin siyasa mai wuya ya taso a duniya. Dumamar dangantakar da ke tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka, wadda ta kai ga ziyarar Khrushchev a Amurka a watan Satumba na shekarar 1959, an maye gurbinsa da wani mummunan tashin hankali bayan 'yan watanni, sakamakon mummunan labarin jirgin leken asiri na F. Powers a kan jirgin. yankin na Tarayyar Soviet. An harbo jirgin leken asirin ne a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1960 a kusa da Sverdlovsk.

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A sakamakon haka, a watan Mayun 1960, taron shugabannin gwamnatocin kasashe huɗu a birnin Paris ya rushe. An soke ziyarar da shugaban Amurka D. Eisenhower zai kai Tarayyar Soviet. Sha'awa ta tashi a kusa da Cuba, inda F. Castro ya hau kan karagar mulki. Kuma Afirka da ta farka tana ingiza muradun manyan kasashe.

Amma babban adawa tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka ya kasance a Turai: matsala mai wuya kuma da alama ba za a iya warware ta ba na sulhun zaman lafiya na Jamus, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan matsayin Berlin ta Yamma, lokaci-lokaci yana jin kansa. Ba tare da yin nasara ba, an gudanar da tattaunawa mai cike da gajiyarwa kan rage yawan makamai da aka yi a tsakanin kasashen biyu, wanda ke kunshe da tsauraran bukatu daga kasashen yammacin turai kan duba da kuma kula da yankunan bangarorin da suka kulla yarjejeniyar. Tattaunawar da masana a Geneva suka yi kan hana gwaje-gwajen nukiliyar da aka yi a birnin Geneva, da alama ta kara yin tsami, ko da yake a shekarun 1959 da 1960 kasashe masu karfin nukiliya (sai dai Faransa) sun mutunta yarjejeniyar da aka cimma na kin gwada wadannan makaman na son rai dangane da tattaunawar Geneva.

Maganganun farfaganda mai tsauri tsakanin USSR da Amurka ya zama al'ada, wanda zargin juna da kuma barazanar kai tsaye ya kasance abubuwa akai-akai. Kuma a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1961, an fara gina katangar Berlin mai ban mamaki, wadda ta haifar da guguwar zanga-zanga a yammacin duniya.

A halin yanzu, Tarayyar Soviet tana ƙara samun amincewa da kai. Shi ne na farko da ya yi gwajin makami mai linzami da ke tsakanin nahiyoyi da harba tauraron dan adam zuwa sararin samaniyar da ke kusa da duniya, ya aiwatar da wani gagarumin ci gaba na mutum zuwa sararin samaniya da kuma samar da karfin nukiliya mai karfi. Tarayyar Soviet, wacce a wancan lokacin take da babbar daraja, musamman a kasashen duniya na uku, ba ta mika wuya ga matsin lambar kasashen Yamma ba, kuma ta ci gaba da aiwatar da ayyuka.

Lokacin da, a ƙarshen lokacin rani na 1961, sha'awar sha'awa ta kasance mai zafi sosai, abubuwan da suka faru sun fara tasowa bisa ga ma'anar karfi. A ranar 31 ga Agusta, 1961, gwamnatin Soviet ta ba da sanarwar yin watsi da kudurin sa na son rai na nisantar gwajin makaman nukiliya tare da ci gaba da yin gwajin. Ya nuna ruhi da salon wancan lokacin.

A kwanakin nan ne a cikin Arzamas-16, ana kammala aikin na karshe na samar da wani bam da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba tare da aika shi zuwa yankin Kola zuwa gindin jirgin dakon kaya. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, an kammala rahoton ƙarshe, wanda ya haɗa da ƙirar bam da aka tsara da kuma hujjar lissafinsa. Marubutan rahoton sune A. Sakharov, V. Adamsky, Yu. Babaev, Yu. Smirnov, Yu. Trutnev.

An yi nufin haɓakawa da gwajin samfurin don nuna ƙarfi a cikin wannan lokacin tashin hankali. Waɗanda ake kira “mutanen kirki” (waɗanda ke cikin jigon siyasa na lokacin) dole ne su ji mummunar barazanar makaman nukiliya kuma su rinjayi gwamnatocinsu su amince da hana.

Kasancewa cikin haɓaka caji mai ƙarfi ya kasance babban ci gaba na musamman a cikin tarihin rayuwar A.D. Sakharov. Shi ne samfurin ƙarshe da ya yi aiki da shi tare da tsananin ƙarfi, da gaske kuma ba tare da wata shakka ba.